Chapter 7 Solutions — Human Health and Disease

Chapter-end Exercises

1. 1.
   What are the various public health measures, which you would suggest as safeguard against infectious diseases?
2. 2.
   In which way has the study of biology helped us to control infectious diseases?
3. 3.
   How does the transmission of each of the following diseases take place?

   • (a) Amoebiasis
   • (b) Malaria
   • (c) Ascariasis
   • (d) Pneumonia
4. 4.
   What measure would you take to prevent water-borne diseases?
5. 5.
   Discuss with your teacher what does 'a suitable gene' means, in the context of DNA vaccines.
6. 6.
   Name the primary and secondary lymphoid organs.
7. 7.
   The following are some well-known abbreviations, which have been used in this chapter. Expand each one to its full form:

   • (a) MALT
   • (b) CMI
   • (c) AIDS
   • (d) NACO
   • (e) HIV
8. 8.
   Differentiate the following and give examples of each:

   • (a) Innate and acquired immunity
   • (b) Active and passive immunity
9. 9.
   Draw a well-labelled diagram of an antibody molecule.
10. 10.
    What are the various routes by which transmission of human immunodeficiency virus takes place?
11. 11.
    What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected person?
12. 12.
    How is a cancerous cell different from a normal cell?
13. 13.
    Explain what is meant by metastasis.
14. 14.
    List the harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse.
15. 15.
    Do you think that friends can influence one to take alcohol/drugs? If yes, how may one protect himself/herself from such an influence?
16. 16.
    Why is that once a person starts taking alcohol or drugs, it is difficult to get rid of this habit? Discuss it with your teacher.
17. 17.
    In your view what motivates youngsters to take to alcohol or drugs and how can this be avoided?